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Note: This Articles is in two sections, likely examination questions and past questions with answers.
Technical Communication and Report Writing Past Questions and Likely Examination Questions with Answers
1. ……………….. is not a type of report
A. Periodic
B. Letter
C. Feasibility
D. Essay
ANSWER: D
2. …………………….. report may include observations on safety conditions.
A. Progress
B. Periodic
C. Field trip
D. Troubleshooting
ANSWER: C
3. __________ report is routine
A. Progress
B. Periodic
C. Troubleshooting
D. Field
ANSWER: B
4. A progress report is a type of status report
A. True
B. False
ANSWER: A
5. According to APA format, the list of references which appear at the end of your work is called ______
A. List of reference
B. Sources used
C. References
D. Works Cited.
ANSWER: C
6. Aisha is a schoolteacher who was asked to give a speech to business leaders. Without providing definitions to terms. She included phrases and terms like “differentiated instruction”, and Praxis score, Which audience is her speech best suited for?
A. Technical
B. Non-technical
C. Semi-technical
D. All of the Above
ANSWER: A
7. In APA reference, which of the following sources is cited in-text only and not included in the reference list?
A. Personal communication
B. Legislation
C. Movie
D. Newspaper articles
ANSWER: A
8. In which of these cases is the letter form or report not used?
A. When subject matter is brief
B. When there is breakdown of machinery
C. When subject matter pertains to a few topics
D. When reader is a close associate
ANSWER: A
9. Kofi wants to repair his brother’s broken bicycle. He searches online and finds a document detailing a diagram of the bike and step-by-step instructions on how to repair the bike. This is an example of a document containing technical writing.
A. False
B. True
ANSWER: B
10. Memos are intended for us both inside and outside of an organization
A. True
B. False
ANSWER: B
11. Reports are written to communicate information on all the following except……….
A. Damages
B. Cost
C. Personal Ideas
D. incidents
ANSWER: C
12. Technical writing can be found in all the following except____________
A. Poems
B. Resumes
C. Instruction manuals
D. Reports
ANSWER: A
13. The focus of a feasibility report is on the ______________
A. Decisions
B. Investigation
C. None of the above
D. Recommendations
ANSWER: D
14. The focus of technical communication is on the _______________
A. Audience
B. Format
C. Information
D. Language
ANSWER: A
15. The purpose of troubleshooting reports are for all the following except?
A. To correct the defect
B. To locate the defect
C. To identify the defective product
D. To analyse the problem’s symptoms
ANSWER: C
16. Which of these is not used in technical writing?
A. Abbreviations
B. References
C. Equation
D. Poetic devices
ANSWER: D
17. Which of these is /are necessary in technical writing?
A. Experiences
B. Facts
C. Narration
D. Personal Feelings
ANSWER: B
18. Which of these must never be a basis for a technical report?
A. None of the above
B. Personal prejudice
C. Facts
D. Tests
ANSWER: B
19. Which of these reports is written before starting a new project?
A. Periodic report
B. Trouble report
C. Feasibility Report
D. Progress Report
ANSWER: C
20. You are writing manual to train assembly line worker on how to identify and resolve problems with a new robot. It is likely that some types of problems will be experienced with more frequency and severity than others. Where should you include specific important details about these kinds of problems?
A. Anywhere in the manual
B. In the middle of the manual
C. At the beginning of the manual
D. At the end of the manual
ANSWER: B
21. Which documents are used in every phase of company operation?
A. Proposals
B. Technical descriptions
C. Reports
D. Instructions
ANSWER: C
22. The primary advantage of presenting reports in company blank forms are to keep information.
A. Courteous
B. Formal
C. Impartial
D. Brief
ANSWER: D
23. Reports that are very large in size and scope usually take the form of a (n)
A. Formal report
B. Letter
C. Interoffice memorandum
D. Feasibility report
ANSWER: A
24. Progress reports usually report on work
A. About to begin but not yet started
B. Currently being done but not yet completed
C. Finished and completed a long time ago
D. Recently finished and completed
ANSWER: B
25. A feasibility report is probably the most difficult report to write because ………
A. Facts must be gathered thoroughly.
B. More than one recommendation must be made.
C. It requires that a decision be made
D. Experts absolutely must be consulted.
ANSWER: C
26. Troubleshooting reports almost always analyze, locate, and
A. Describe the defect
B. Correct the defect
C. Text the defect
D. Ignore the defect
ANSWER: B
27. Field trip reports generally do not describe the ……………………..
A. New machinery being considered for adoption
B. Identity of the site or facility
C. Investigative method
D. Purpose of the inspection
ANSWER: A
28. A status report is least likely to be a
A. Progress report
B. Periodic report
C. Formal report
D. Report in memo form
ANSWER: C
29. A covering memorandum is attached to formal reports sent to ……………………
A. Customers
B. The federal government
C. Shareholders
D. Someone within the company
ANSWER: D
30. Your formal report’s table of contents is composed of ……………………
A. All internal headings
B. First-level headings only
C. Those headings you deem most useful
D. Whatever information you think important
ANSWER: A
31. A summary or abstract enables readers to …………………………..
A. Review your report
B. Test the accuracy of your report’s body
C. Assess the cost – effectiveness of your report
D. Test your writing ability
ANSWER: A
32. Your report’s major information sources do not include ………..
A. Tests and experiments you have performed
B. Published material experiences and observations
C. Your own personal experiences and observations
D. Your Co-worker’s personal experiences
ANSWER: C
33. Which section is least likely to be included in your report?
A. Conclusion
B. Recommendations
C. Personnel working on the project
D. Introduction or summary overview
ANSWER: C
34. A formal report’s introduction is likely to include
A. Cost assessment
B. The background and history of what is being investigated
C. The report’s purpose and objectives
D. A literature searches
ANSWER: A
35. Conclusions and recommendations are not usually ………….
A. Based on the findings recorded in the report
B. Strategically placed in your report
C. Part of the report body itself
D. Placed in standard block paragraphs
ANSWER: C
36. All reports, especially formal ones’ should
A. Begin by persuading readers of your point of view
B. Supply only information that supports your assumptions
C. Carefully identify and analyze the needs of the audience
D. Be quickly written to preserve spontaneity
ANSWER: C
37. Part I, Containing the frontal elements of a formal report, does not include
A. A covering letter or memo
B. A title pages
C. A summary or abstract
D. Supporting tables, graphs, or calculations.
ANSWER: D
38. Status reports are primarily distinguished from progress reports by them.
A. Focus on the absenteeism of personnel
B. Shorter length
C. Memo form
D. Focus on the present conditions
ANSWER: D
39. To complete your report, do not
A. Treat personal opinions as facts
B. Anticipate adverse side-effects
C. Seek out hidden questions
D. Imaginatively understand your reader’s position and needs
ANSWER: A
40. Ensuring your report’s impartiality and objectivity does not involve ………….
A. Presenting all Sides of the question
B. Basing interpretations and conclusions on solid facts.
C. Presenting well-reasoned ideas
D. Presenting no information that contradicts your own findings and conclusions.
ANSWER: D
41. Unlike most reports, informal and proposal must
A. Be logical
B. Clearly organize all information
C. Persuade readers toward the writer’s own point of view
D. Present a solution to a problem
ANSWER: C
42. All proposals must ………………..
A. Convince your supervisor that you need released time
B. Prove that a problem exists
C. Improve product quality
D. Make working conditions safer
ANSWER: B
43. You prove the soundness of your solution to the problem in which section?
A. Scope
B. Costs
C. Personnel
D. Methodology
ANSWER: D
44. In your formal proposal, what information is not included as a separate section of the frontal elements?
A. Summary
B. Costs
C. Covering letter or memo
D. Table of contents
ANSWER: C
45. Which section of your formal proposal may describe what you specifically will not do?
A. Summary
B. Disadvantages
C. Methodology
D. Scope
ANSWER: A
46. The disadvantages section of your formal proposal should
A. Honestly sum up any disadvantage’s contingent upon the project’s completion
B. Inform your reader how much money this project will cost
C. List the disadvantages of hiring anyone else
D. Discuss the difficulty of attempting to solve the problem
ANSWER: A
47. The facilities section of your formal proposal may include ………….
A. Full-time personnel working on the project
B. Part-time personnel working on the project
C. Stationery and small office supplies used on the project, particularly in compiling reports.
D. Libraries needed for research
ANSWER: D
48. Technical descriptions of Machines and processes differ from “literary” descriptions primarily by their lack of
A. Details
B. Emotional
C. Irrelevant information
D. Interest
ANSWER: A
49. Introductions to descriptions of object and processes usually have how many paragraphs?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
ANSWER: A
50. Introductory definitions of objects or machines are included in descriptions
A. Always
B. When the object or machine is large enough to warrant it
C. Only if the reader is unfamiliar with the item being discussed
D. As space allows
ANSWER: C
51. A technical description’s middle paragraphs must not ……………
A. Discuss each part or step in the exact order listed in the introduction
B. Describe each step in greater detail than the introduction
C. Discuss numerous steps at the same time
D. Include verbal cues to orient the reader.
ANSWER: C
52. You usually discuss the main units or parts of a machine according to …………
A. Their alphabetical order
B. The order in which they visually appear
C. Their importance
D. Their Size
ANSWER: B
53. The introduction to a process description never opens with a description of ……………….
A. Its steps
B. who performs it?
C. why it’s performed
D. when it should be performed
ANSWER: A
54. Your conclusion to an object or process description never includes
A. a discussion of its significance
B. a description of one cycle of performance
C. a discussion of something especially important about the process or object
D. A brief set of instructions of performances or operation
ANSWER: C
55. Technical instructions are almost always written for
A. Technicians and line workers
B. Middle managers and suppervisors
C. People who need to understand the process
D. People who may need to evaluate a machine’s efficiency.
ANSWER: A
56. When you’re writing instruction, it may occasionally be helpful to explain ..
A. How much time and money the process will save the company
B. Why a particular actions is being performed?
C. Why this way of doing things is better than another way
D. The organizational plan of the instructions.
ANSWER: C
57. When writing a technical articles, select a topic that is ……………….
A. Profitable
B. Appealing to other films who may wish to hire you.
C. Interesting to you
D. Minimize time consuming.
ANSWER: D
58. To minimize the chances of your article’s getting rejected,
A. Mention the time it took you to write it
B. Offer the journal’s editor additional information in your field
C. Offer to rewrite your article.
D. Review a recent issue of the journal, especially its table of contents.
ANSWER: D
59. When you are selecting a journal for your technical article, which of the following is not a good guideline?
A. Select the journal that requires the last amount of documentation
B. Consult the journal for it’s subject and focus of interest.
C. Find out whether the regular readers are professional or lay people
D. Determine whether the journal’s is formal or informal.
ANSWER: A
60. When composing industrial manuals, always use …………….
A. Medium-Sized sentences and paragraphs.
B. Medium-sized sentences and paragraphs
C. Sentence and paragraphs whose sizes vary for interest and readability.
D. Consistently short sentences and paragraphs.
ANSWER: D
61. Generally speaking, as your audience changes, which of the following is most likely to be affected in your technical document?
A. Its length?
B. Its information
C. Its number of footnotes
D. Its organization
ANSWER: B
62. Technical writers are least likely to write for………………….
A. Corporate shareholders
B. Executives
C. Consumers
D. Technicians
ANSWER: A
63. When your audience is either unknown or a mixture of reader classifications,
A. Put in all the information you possible can.
B. Write for the most unsophisticated group so that no one loses your meaning.
C. Organize your document so that section of it convey simplified overviews.
D. Don’t worry about it.
ANSWER: B
64. The tradition writing style, which always eliminates the first person, usually results in which stylistic defect?
A. Long paragraphs
D. Misinformation
C. Pomposity
D. Wordiness
ANSWER: D
65. They decide whether or not to use first-person pronouns in your writing,
A. Consult a dictionary
B. Consider your organization’s traditional preference.
C. Take a guess
D. Remember that first-persons pronoun should never be used.
ANSWER: B
66. For effective technical style, long sentences should be ………………………
A. Rewritten in passive voice.
B. Entirely discarded
C. Left as they are if the information is correct.
D. Broken up into smaller sentences
ANSWER: D
67. Direct sentences …………………
A. confuse the reader
B. Use big words to save space.
C. Use the fewest number of words, yet convey information clearly.
D. Use a highly concentrated style
ANSWER: C
68. A sentence that begins in the most effectively stylistic way will always start …………….
A. Write it is or there are
B. With a good passive construction.
C. In any way that makes sense
D. With a real subject that performs an action.
ANSWER: D
69. To avoid sexism in your writing,
A. Use plural pronoun reference (them, their, themselves).
B. Avoid referring to people
C. Use the neuter it/its
D. Apologize
ANSWER: A
70. The use of passive voice usually produces
A. Efficient, logical sentences.
B. Dull, uninteresting sentences.
C. Longer, more interesting sentences
D. Disapproval from supervisors and managers.
ANSWER: B
71. Generally, the recommended sentence length in technical writing is
A. A mixture of all lengths.
B. Consistently short
C. Consistently medium
D. Long for complicated, technical explanations.
ANSWER: B
72. In technical writing that is stylistically effective, paragraphs usually are ………………..
A. Filled with many facts.
B. Long and intimidating.
C. Short and manageable
D. Filled with explanations
ANSWER: C
73. A good topic sentence does not provide the reader with ……………………..
A. The paragraph’s
B. The paragraph’s context
C. The paragraph’s point view
D. The writer’s reason for the choosing this particular topic
ANSWER: D
74. To make your writing concrete and specific, use …………………………………
A. Words that encompass many meanings.
B. Facts and figures wherever possible.
C. Words that are emotional and therefore “real”.
D. As few words as possible
ANSWER: B
75. Jargon or Specialized words-should be used only when
A. You’re writing for your supervisor.
B. You have a dictionary nearby
C. You don’t know who your reader is.
D. No other, more familiar term can be found.
ANSWER: D
76. The formality of your writing should largely depend on …………………..
A. The position of the last person who will read your document.
B. Your position in the company
C. The amount of time you have to complete your project.
D. The informality of your company
ANSWER: A
77. To succeed in your writing, always use words that ………………………..
A. The position of the last person who will read your document.
B. Your position in the company
C. Are amount of time you have to complete your project.
D. The informality of your company’s
ANSWER: A
78. Writing style in technical documents is all of the following except;
A. Elegant
B. Practical
C. Efficient
D. Logical
ANSWER: A
79. The only way to ensure that you use word’s correctly is to …………………….
A. Invest in an unabridged dictionary.
B. Look up unfamiliar or difficult words every time you are in doubt.
C. Use simply words only
D. Cultivate a friendship with a technical editor’s
ANSWER: B
80. In your paragraph, topic sentences almost always appear ………………………..
A. First
B. Second
C. Last
D. Anywhere.
ANSWER: A
81. A well-constructed outline will not give your document.
A. Information consistently relevant to your topic.
B. Clarity
C. Order
D. A subject of interest to all readers.
ANSWER: D
82. The process of organizing material begins ………………
A. At a point almost impossible to determine.
B. When you first state your purpose
C. When you brainstorm
D. During the actual formal outlining.
ANSWER: C
83. When deciding how to organize your material, you should also ……………..
A. Determine how much time you can allot to organizing.
B. Consider how much money you’re being paid to write the document.
C. Evaluate your audience.
D. Get enough sleep the night before you begin brainstorming.
ANSWER: C
84. “Brainstorming” is used in the process of organizing your writing only after you’ve …………….
A. Written an introduction
B. Established a writing purpose
C. Asked others for help
D. Tried everything else.
ANSWER: B
85. Brainstorming sessions are most productive if you …………………………
A. Organize and evaluate as you brainstorm.
B. Do not review old ideas.
C. Try to do it all at one sitting so you don’t lose your place
D. Take periodic breaks.
ANSWER: D
86. All ideas generated during brainstorming should be written on ………….
A. Separate note cards.
B. A long sheet of legal paper
C. Sheets of paper 8 ½ in. by 11in.
D. Anything at all so long as you write them down.
ANSWER: A
87. After you’ve brainstormed, do not begin organizing by ……………
A. Rereading your statement of purpose
B. Separating relevant from irrelevant notes.
C. Labeling Cards with appropriate headings and subheadings.
D. Deciding on whether you outlines should be composed of topics or sentences.
ANSWER: D
88. A formal outline will not provide you with ……………..
A. A gauge to tell you how ready you are to write
B. Coordination with other people working on the project.
C. Research sources
D. Internal headings to be used in the table of contents.
ANSWER: C
89. The three sections of a formal outline do not included a(n) ………..
A. Body
B. Introduction
C. Summary
D. Abstract
ANSWER: D
90. Your formally outlined introduction will not tell your reader,
A. Why certain data is unassailable for inclusion.
B. The research source you have consulted.
C. The definitions of terms the reader should know.
D. The data the report was authorized.
ANSWER: D
91. The body of your formally outlined report includes,
A. Conclusion and recommendations.
B. A statement of purpose
C. The information and data necessary for your report’s purpose.
D. The sequence of major topics to be discussed.
ANSWER: A
92. Your report’s summary does not include……………
A. Conclusions
B. Recommendations
C. A restatement of your theme or concept
D. An acknowledgement of those people who supplied you with time and information.
ANSWER: D
93. When checking your outline, you do not need to ……………
A. Check you documentation and library sources.
B. See that you have at least two or three main topics.
C. See that you outline has no single subtopics.
D. See that your subtopics are not equal in importance to main topics.
ANSWER: A
94. To outlines have the advantage of supplying you with ……………..
A. Topic sentences for your paraphs.
B. New ideas for your outline.
C. Your document’s internal headings.
D. More precise ideas.
ANSWER: C
95. In what order of importance should you present information in a technical document?
A. Most to least
B. Least to most
C. Least to most and then trailing off to least again
D. Any order that seems suitable at the time.
ANSWER: A
96. At least how many main points should the outline of your document’s body have?
A. 2 – 3
B. 4 – 5
C. 6 – 7
D. Only 1; more than that is too complex
ANSWER: B
97. In a sentence outline, each topic and subtopic are;
A. A short phrase.
B. An organized thought
C. A properly thought
D. A complete sentence but without the final punctuation.
ANSWER: D
98. What is the main advantage of sentence outlines?
A. They are easier to write than topic outlines
B. They supply you with internal headings.
C. They can be used in your table of contents.
D. They supply you with topic sentences for our paragraphs.
ANSWER: C
99. Parallel construction is …………………….
A. The expression of similar ideas in dissimilar ways for the purpose of reader interest.
B. The use of equivalent space for equivalent ideas
C. The use of the same grammatical form for the same level of topics and subtopics.
D. The placement of items on a page in a visually parallel way.
ANSWER: A
100. The body of your outline should not have.
A. An orderly sequence of major topics
B. Topic instead of sentence headings.
C. More than one subdivision of a main topic
D. Only one main topic or idea
ANSWER: D
101. Memorandums are intended only for ……………..
A. Spherical customers.
B. Other personnel within your own company
C. Vice president
D. Corporate shareholders.
ANSWER: A
102. Memos tend to contain information that is ………………………….
A. confidential
B. Formal
C. No more than one typewritten page
D. Routine and focused on the present.
ANSWER: C
103. Unlike memos, letters always have …………………..
A. No signature
B. Subject lines
C. Signature above your typewritten name.
D. Initials after the complimentary close.
ANSWER: B
104. Unlike memos, letter tend to be ……………………
A. formal and courteous
B. Informa and personal
C. Very infrequently written
D. Double-space throughout
ANSWER: A
105. Letters that are exceptionally short are …………………….
A. Space on the page on differently form a long letter
B. Written on short stationery
C. A waste of company time and money
D. Adjusted so that slightly more space is allowed at the bottom than at the topic.
ANSWER: C
106. Letters have all of the following except.
A. Summary
B. Heading
C. Salutation
D. Signature block
ANSWER: D
107. Which complimentary close should not be used in a letter written to someone with whom you’ve never corresponded?
A. Sincerely
B. Sincerely yours
C. Cordially
D. Very truly yours
ANSWER: C
108. Abbreviation is used in letters
A. As much as possible to conserve aspect and time
B. Minimally
C. Only when you run out of space at your right margin
D. Never
ANSWER: D
109. Capitalization in letters is ……………………………………….
A. Exactly the same as in other forms of writing.
B. Dependent on how well you know your reader
C. Different form other forms of writing and has its own rules.
D. A subject of great debate
ANSWER: A
110. Heading do not …………………………..
A. Enable your readers to quickly grasp the organizational plan of your document.
B. Enable you to organize your material more easily.
C. Allow you to place more facts and statistics in your document
ANSWER: A
111. The visual prominence of headings should suggest ………………….
A. The topic being discussed
B. Their importance relative to other headings.
C. How much thought you spent devising them?
D. The amount of factual information contained in the section
ANSWER: B
112. Which of the following is never used to designate heading ranks?
A. Spacing
B. Capitalization
C. Length
D. Underlining
ANSWER: D
113. Always try to make headings out of ………………………..
A. Verb
B. Adjectives
C. Catch phrases
D. Nouns
ANSWER: D
114. Visual aids are never used to …………………………..
A. Visually decorates
B. Illustrate
C. Explain
D. Support
ANSWER: A
115. Your use of visual aids depends on your ………………………
A. Audience
B. Subject
C. Research sources
D. Space availability
ANSWER: C
116. Among the various kinds of visual aids, tables are ………………………
A. The most difficult to construct.
B. The most popular
C. Second to bar graphs in popularity
D. The least useful for lay people.
ANSWER: D
117. Among visual aids, bar graphs are the most ………………………..
A. Difficult to read
B. Difficult to construct in term of statistical accuracy
C. Popular
D. Easily read.
ANSWER: A
118. The terms ordinate and abscissa are associated with ……………….
A. Pie charts
B. Diagrams
C. Bar graphs
D. Line graphs
ANSWER: C
119. The chief disadvantage of unretouched photographs is that ……………………….
A. They are blurred
B. They emphasize equally what is and is not important.
C. They can present conflicting evidence
D. They need costly enlargement.
ANSWER: C
120. Generally speaking, diagrams should be kept.
A. In an appendix
B. Technically challenging
C. As simple as possible
D. As sophisticated as possible.
ANSWER: C
121. Research your information to do all of the following except……………
A. Clarify
B. Confirm
C. Learn
D. Impress
ANSWER: B
122. The Dewey Decimal system is least likely to be used in ………….
A. Large public libraries.
B. Industrial libraries
C. High school libraries
D. In-house libraries
ANSWER: D
123. Unlike the Dewey Decimal system, the Library Of Congress Classification System.
A. Makes it easier to locate works
B. Does not need a separate classification system for magazines and journals.
C. Accommodates more holdings.
D. Replace decimals with whole numbers.
ANSWER: B
124. Cards are not filed in which one of the following ways?
A. In separate sections for authors, tiles and subjects.
B. The author and title cards in one sectional and the subject cards in another.
C. The author, title, and subject cards filed together.
D. The title and subject cards in one section and the author cards in another.
ANSWER: D
125. What information is not included on individual cards in card catalogs?
A. Call number
B. Author’s educational background
C. Subject healings under which the same book or item may be found
D. A brief note indicating if a specific book has a bibliography
ANSWER: D
126. Which reference works will not provide bibliographic details about books published in English?
A. Library of congress subject HEADLI GS
B. American Reference Books Annual
C. Welford’s Guide to Reference Material
D. The Reader’s Guide to periodical literature
ANSWER: A
127. One of the main differences between journals and magazines is that journals
A. Come out more often
B. Are more narrowly focused
C. Are more useful than magazines
D. Are more widely read
ANSWER: D
128. Abstracts enable you to ……………………
A. Locate a variety of books and articles
B. Locate books and articles on microform
C. Gather technical facts and statistics
D. Save research time by reading summaries of books and articles
ANSWER: C
129. Nonprint sources includes
A. Abstracts
B. Indexes
C. Technical diagrams
D. Vertical fields of clippings and pamphlets
ANSWER: A
130. Microfilm and microfiche are ……………….
A. Machine – readable materials
B. Computer data bases
C. Audiovisual materials
D. Named after animals from Micronesia
ANSWER: C
131. When using personal experiences and observations as an information source, you need not …..
A. Use examples and specific details to support what you say.
B. Indicate precisely to what your experience does and does not apply.
C. Indicate your own expertise in the field.
D. Indicate why you failed to consult an expect instead.
ANSWER: C
132. In a personal interview, ask questions that …………………….
A. Are broad and generic.
B. Require a simple yes or not to Keep answers clear and to the point.
C. Are specifically designed to explore what you expert knows
D. Force your expect to defend the position he or she has taken.
ANSWER: D
133. Letters of inquiry do not …………………
A. Ask for all the information available.
B. Identify the inquirer
C. Explain why the addresses was chosen
D. State why the information is needed
ANSWER: C
134. Letters of inquiry are used when …………………
A. The person you wish to interview is well known
B. The person you wish to interview is unimportant
C. It is impossible to personally interview the person.
D. All other information sources have been exhausted
ANSWER: A
135. Questionnaires and surveys encounter their major problem in…………..
A. Establishing a need for the information requested
B. Identifying the people to whom they should be sent.
C. Getting people to respond
D. Convincing people of your qualifications
ANSWER: C
136. In designing a letter to accompany an attached questionnaire, you need not ……….
A. Identify yourself
B. Specifically state the nature of the information sought
C. Establish you need
D. Offer to do something in return, such as send the recipient the complied survey results.
ANSWER: C
137. A potential weakens of primary material is that……………..
A. It may be more biased or subjective
B. It’s composed of first-not secondhand information
C. It is normally not well commented
D. It may not constitute published material.
ANSWER: D
138. When taking notes, you should …………………..
A. Use more than one source per card to save space
B. Use both sides of the card if you are still noting the same source.
C. Record all bibliographic information needed for documentation.
D. Overlook page numbers, which can be looked up later.
ANSWER: A
139. Direct quotes……………………
A. Include any information taken from researched source
B. Includes easy information that directly supports your own position
C. Must be at least one sentence long before they require documentation.
D. Are exact copies, word for word, of your sources.
ANSWER: A
140. Qualitative research deals with ………………………..
I. Feelings II. Numbers III. Opinions IV. Figures
A. II and III
B. I and III
C. III and IV
D. I and II
ANSWER: B
141. The focus of basic research is on using the results of the research to solve a specific
A. False
B. True
ANSWER: A
142. All the following are ways of generating research ideas except …………………….
A. Brainstorming
B. Creative thinking
C. Logical thinking
D. Keeping an ideas notebook
ANSWER: C
143. Research is all of the following except ………………….
A. An investigation
B. A Systematic process
C. An idea
D. An inquiry into a problem
ANSWER: B
144. Research Objectives should be ………………………..
A. Research objectives should be
A. Simple, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic and Time - bound
B. Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic and Time - bound
C. Simple, Measurable, Achievable, Reliable and Time - bound
D. Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic and Time - consuming
ANSWER: B
145. For a problem to be researchable, all the following are true except
A. Possible to ask questions
B. Possible to draw conclusions
C. Possible to find information
D. Clearly and concisely stated
ANSWER: D
146. Research is all about common sense or intuition
A. True
B. False
ANSWER: A
147. A review of literature prior to formulating research questions allows the researcher to
A. Provide an up - to - date understanding of the problem and its significance
B. Present the kinds of research methodologies used in previous studies
C. All of the above
D. Provide an up - to - date understanding of the problem and its significance
ANSWER: B
148. Research starts with first
A. Gathering facts
B. Collecting data
C. Identifying a problem
ANSWER: C
149. Reports are written to communicate information on all the following expect
A. Incidents
B. Costs
C. Damages
D. Personal ideas
ANSWER: D
150. ---------------- is not a type of report
A. Letter
B. Feasibility
C. Easy
D. Periodic
ANSWER: C
151. The focus of technical communication is on the ..................
A. Information
B. Audience
C. Language
D. Format
ANSWER: B
152. ..................... report may include observation on safety conditions
A. Field trip
B. Periodic
C. Troubleshooting
D. Format
ANSWER: A
153. A shoe manufacturing company has the following specifications for manufacturing tennis shoe. Which audience will understand the specifications below?
Sole: Neoprene rubber #345 white enameled paint 1.589'' high Slammer waffle - textured
Uppers: Blue canvas
Tongue: White canvas Oval Slammer logo heat - pressure sealed, centered .50'' from all sides
Laces: 15'' long 100% cotton
Aglets: Clear polyacetate plastic #290
Weight: 11b.6oz
A. Technical
B. Semi - Technical
C. Non - Technical
D. A combination of the all three audiences
ANSWER: A
154. Plagiarism should be avoided in academic work because
A. It shows you are a lazy student who can’t be bothered
to do the work yourself
B. It is dishonest to pass off someone else’s words or ideas
as your own
C. It is a serious at the university and is dealt with severely
D. All the above
ANSWER: B
155. Here is a passage from Leo Felix, Large Cats in Britain?
(1994,p.61) and below it is an extract from a student’s
essay which makes use of it:
“Sightings of large black cats have been reported in remote
upland areas of the South-West such as Dartmoor and Bodmin
Moor for nearly sixty years, although conclusive evidence of
the presence of melanistic jaguars or leopards has yet to be
provided: no bodies, fur or bones have been found, all possible
tracks or droppings have been proved to belong to less
exotic species and no one has yet managed to photograph them.
There are few residents of the South-West who have not heard
of the ‘beast of Bodmin’ or other stories of large black cats which
inhabit the region’s uplands. Felix (1994,p.61) has attempted to
expose these stories as modern myths, nothing out that,
‘conclusive evidence of the presence of melanistic jaguars or
leopards has yet to provided’. Yet people still believe’
This student is guilty of plagiarism
A. True
B. False
ANSWER: B
156. What does the abbreviation APA stand for?
A. American Psychological Association
B. American Plagiarism Association
C. American Publication Association
D. Anti-Plagiarism Association
ANSWER: A
157. Entries in a reference list should be placed in alphabetical
order.
A. True
B. False
ANSWER: A
158. In APA referencing what does the abbreviation pp. stand for?
A. Paragraph
B. Page
C. Paper
D. Pages
ANSWER: D
159. Personal communications such as emails and interview are not
included in the referencing list
A. True
B. False
ANSWER: A
160. You use a quotation from a book in your assignment. How would you write the in-text citation?
A. Author, year
B. Author, year, page number
C. Author, page number
D. Author title
ANSWER: B
161. Statistics are a example of common or general knowledge
A. True
B. False
ANSWER: B
162. You are referencing a website, which part of the references comes first?
A. Title of website
B. URL
C. Year
D. Author/sponsor/organization
ANSWER: D
163. You are referencing a website, which part of the references
should be italics?
A. Title of website
B. URL
C. Year
D. Author/sponsor/organization
ANSWER: A
164. When referencing a website, what phrase is used to introduce
the URL?
A. Taken From
B. Viewed from
C. Retrieved from
D. Accessed from
ANSWER: A
165. How long does a quotation need to be before indented,
without quotation marks?
A. More than 15 words
B. More than 30 words
C. More than 40 words
D. More than 10 words
ANSWER: C
Ndibalema, D. 2014 New approaches to drag therapy.
Psychology Today and Tomorrow. 27(1), 1-16.
Use the reference above to answer question 13 to 14
166. What type of source is the reference taken from?
A. Book
B. Website
C. Journal article
D. Conference paper
ANSWER: A
167. The year of publication is wrongly written, it should be?
A. (2014)
B. (2014).
C. 2014.
D. “2014”
ANSWER: B
168. When citing a source, you have not read yourself, but which is
referred to in a source you have read, it is known as
A. Double referencing
B. Plagiarized referencing
C. Secondary referencing
D. Unknown referencing
ANSWER: C
169. In the reference list multiple works by the same author in the
same year are arranged in
A. Alphabetical order
B. Alphabetical order by title
C. Alphabetical order by the authors initials
D. Chronological order
ANSWER: B
170. In the reference list how are works by different authors with
same family name referenced?
A. Alphabetical order by title
B. Chronological order
C. Alphabetical order
D. Alphabetical order by the authors
ANSWER: D
171. A bibliography includes a reference list
A. True
B. False
ANSWER: A
172. When paraphrasing, it is essential to provide…
A. Book title
B. Page number or paragraph number
C. Authors name
D. Year of publication
ANSWER: C
173. In planning a report, what are some of the factors to consider? (Circle all that apply)
A. Who your audience is?
B. The size of your audience
C. The purpose for writing the report
D. How the report should be organized
ANSWER: A, C, D
174. How many sections does a report has?
A. 2 sections
B. 3 sections
C. 4 sections
D. None of the above
ANSWER: B
175. The non-technical audience can be made up of ……………..
A. A combination of technical and semi-technical
B. The general public
C. Unknown audience
D. All the above
ANSWER: D
176. Generally, a shorter report is considered to be
A. One to five pages
B. One to three pages
C. One to four pages
D. One to two pages
ANSWER: D
177. These kinds of reports give accounts of work that is currently
being done but is not yet completed
A. Feasibility report
B. Progress report
C. Status report
D. Field trip report
ANSWER: B
178. Reports that describe what is being accomplished in the present
and with emphasis on existing conditions are referred to as
A. Progress report
B. Field trip report
C. Status report
D. Feasibility report
ANSWER: C
179. What will be the correct in-text referencing of a quotation by Nii
Armah on page 30 of his book titled “fear Nothing” published in
the year 2008 and cited by Dorcen Tandoh in her article titled
“I am not afraid” published in the year 2018?
A. Armah (a cited in Tandoh 2018, p.30)
B. Tandoh (as cited in Armah), 2018p.30)
C. Armah (as cited in Tandoh,2008 p.30)
D. Tandoh (as cited in Armah, 2018)
ANSWER: D
180. All the following are forms of informal reports except
A. Blank
B. Memo
C. Feasibility
D. Letter
ANSWER: C
181. Formal reports are all the following expects
A. Troubleshooting
B. Letter
C. Feasibility
D. Field trip
ANSWER: B
182. The act of using other people’s work without duly acknowledging them is known as
A. Copyright infringement
B. Plagiarism
C. Stealing
D. Fair use
ANSWER: B
183. This form of informal report is the best formal of
all, and used to communicate routine information
A. Blank form
B. Interoffice Memorandum
C. Letter
D. Periodic report
ANSWER: B
184. Providing literature for your work is necessary for all the following reasons expect
A. Providing facts
B. Presenting an argument
C. Buttressing a point
D. Increasing content
ANSWER: D
185. All the following are styles for referencing except
A. OSCOLA
B. Modern language academy
C. Harvard
D. Chicago
ANSWER: B
186. American psychological association (APA)
style of referencing uses the
A. Author date style
B. Dare author style
C. Year page style
D. Page year style
ANSWER: A
187. In a reference work ……….is a list of all sources used for the
work and ……….is a list of sources cited in the work
A. Reference list and bibliography
B. Bibliography and reference list
C. Bibliography and cited list
D. Reference list and cited list
ANSWER: A
188. Reference list is generally done in
A. According order
B. Alphabetical order
C. Chronological order
D. Descending order
ANSWER: B
189. In the reference list, multiple works by the same author in
different years is arranged in
A. Alphabetical order
B. Alphabetical order by the title
C. Alphabetical order by the authors initials
D. Chronological order
ANSWER: D
190. When referencing a source that has no year of publication,
the year is written as
A. (n.s.)
B. (n.d)
C. (n.y.)
D. (n.p)
ANSWER: B
191. In an APA style referencing list, the subsequent lines
after the first line of each reference are
A. Italised
B. Bolded
C. Indented
D. Capitalized
ANSWER: C
192. A reference list should be placed ………..
A. At the beginning of the work
B. Somewhere in the middle
C. At the end of the work
D. None of the above
ANSWER: C
193. When quoting from a source, it is essential
to provided ………….
A. Chapter title
B. Page number or paragraph number
C. Authors name
D. Year of publication
ANSWER: B
194. A technical document should focus on
A. The needs of the audience
B. The writer’s feelings
C. Both the needs of the audience and the writer’s feeling
D. None of the above
ANSWER: A
195. People read technical information for all the following
reasons (circle all the apply)
A. General interest
B. To solve a problem
C. To become experts in a field
D. To make a decision
ANSWER: A, B, D
196. Characteristics of the technical audience are
A. They understand fundamental concepts and
jargons
B. They are experts and specialists in a
technical field
C. They expect the writer to use technical
language efficiently
D. All of the above
ANSWER: D
197. Generally, a memo is used for communicating
routine information
A. Outside the organization
B. Inside the organization
C. Outside and inside the organization
D. None of the above
ANSWER: B
198. Which of these reports is used to record the results of
on-site inspection?
A. Feasibility report
B. Progress report
C. Status report
D. Field trip report
ANSWER: D
199. It is the most difficult type of report to write because it requires making decisions
A. Feasibility report
B. Field trip report
C. Progress report
D. Status report
ANSWER: A
200. Report used by technicians to convey information regarding the analysis and correction of problems found in industrial products are referred to as
A. Feasibility report
B. Troubleshooting report
C. Status report
D. Field trip report
ANSWER: B
201. Periodic reports are so called because they are ………….
A. Full of punctuations
B. Written often
C. Routine
D. None of the above
ANSWER: C
202. Reports that allow management to keep track of ongoing operations
on a regular basis are known as……….
A. Status report
B. Feasibility report
C. Progress report
D. Periodic reports
ANSWER: D
203. A good research objective ………
A. Moves from general to specific
B. Moves from specific to general
C. Moves from general to unknown
D. Moves from specific to unknown
ANSWER: A
204. Which of the following types of technical reports is written fixing a broken photocopier in an office?
A. Periodic report
B. Field trip report
C. Troubleshooting report
D. Feasibility report
ANSWER: C
205. An informal report that ensures that information is never left out
easily located by readers , clearly focused and brief is a …..
A. Letter
B. Blank form
C. Memo
D. None of the above
ANSWER: B
206. The two main types of research include………
A. Action and applies
B. Action and basic
C. Applied and discovered
D. Applied and basic
ANSWER: D
207. What type of referencing style is used to cite authorities, legislation and other legal materials?
A. MLA
B. APA
C. OSCOLA
D. Chicago style
ANSWER: C
208. Consider the statement;
all birds fly
an aeroplane flies
therefore an aeroplane is a bird
The statement above is
A. Inductive
B. Conclusive
C. Deductive
D. None of the above
ANSWER: C
209. The focus of a feasibility report should be on the ………..
A. Introduction
B. Recommendation
C. Proposed action
D. Conclusion
ANSWER: B
210. A PC has the following specification: intel core i3 processor, 64GB RAM, 400GB Hard drive, windows 10 with a 32-bit operating system. This set of technical instructions is best suited for ………
A. Technical audience
B. Non- technical audience
C. Semi-technical audience
D. None of the above
ANSWER: A
211. Research is all the following expect…………
A. A process of inquiry
B. An investigation
C. A set of ideas
D. A systematic process
ANSWER: C
212. Which of the following is/are not true about a researchable problem; it is ………..
A. It is significant
B. The problem can be solved easily
C. Possible to obtain the information required
D. Possible to draw conclusions
ANSWER: B
213. In technical writing, the most important element is ……..
A. The report
B. The writer
C. The audience
D. The expert
ANSWER: C
SECTION B
1. Below is a Memo written to address an email problem. The Memo is incomplete;
do well to complete it
Interoffice Memorandum
To: Afua A
From: Kwaku O.
Afua as you noted in your November 13, 2018 memo, we are having problem with our email. Intranet correspondence has evinced the wrong tone, contained unnecessary spacing, and forced readers to scroll endlessly. Here are suggestions to correct these problems.
1. Improving tone – studies tell us that typing in all caps creates a negative tone, called flaming. For example, when one writes, TELL YOUR SUBORDINATES TO IMPROVE THEIR TONE IN E-MAIL, readers feel they are being shouted at. Please ask your colleagues to avoid typing in all capitals.
2. Omitting unneeded spaces – This odd spacing is caused by the different sizes of monitors. To avoid the problem of odd spacing caused by different monitor sizes, do not use word wrap. Instead, use a hard return at the end of each line, and limit your line length to approximately 60 characters.
By using these techniques, your department’s e-mail will improve. Please e-mail my suggestions in your colleagues by end-of-business today. If I can answer other questions, just call ext. 3625.
ANSWER:
Name of Department: XYZ, I.T department
DATE: 18th June 2022
SUBJECT: Correspondence of wrong tone and unnecessary spacing (NB:. In Caps).
2. a) List five examples of documents that contain technical writing
ANSWER:
Instructions, Reviews, Reports, Newsletters, Presentations, Web pages, Brochures, Proposals, Letters, Fliers, Graphics, Memos, Press releases, Handbooks, Specifications, Style guides, Agendas etc. (NB. Pick five out of this listed).
b) You are working for a company that manufactures microwave ovens. As a writer you’ve been given the project of writing instructions for using the appliance,
Outline five steps of technical instructions to consumers for using the microwave
oven to prevent consumes damaging the appliance.
ANSWER:
- 1. Put the main wall power outlet off.
- 2. Plug in the microwave power cable into the wall power outlet.
- 3. Put your microwave power control off before switching your main power outlet switch on.
- 4. Turn on the microwave power control to put it on and turn the control power off after used.
- 5. Turn off the main wall power outlet off.
c) Explain the following, Quoting, Referencing, Citing and Bibliography.
ANSWER:
- Quoting means using the exact words from the text
- Referencing is the detailed description of the item from which you have obtained information and it is usually placed at the end of the document
- Citing means formally recognizing within your text, the resources from which you have obtained information.
- Bibliography is the list of sources you have used including the reference list
SECTION C
1. What is the difference between technical writing and creative writing?
Answer:
Technical writing is concerned with factual and straightforward information, whereas Creative writing is concerned with imaginative and symbolic information.
OR
General writing is centered on imagination and creativity, whereas technical writing is based on facts and notions.
2. Research and find ten (10) examples of documents that contain technical writing.
Answer;
Technical writing includes a wide range of documents. They include instructions, reviews, reports, newsletters, presentations, web pages, brochures, proposals, letters, fliers, graphics, memos, press releases, handbooks, specifications, style guides, agendas, and so on.
3.
Technical Writing includes;
User guides, Business proposals, Employee handbooks, Brochures, Newsletters, Medical records, Project management reports, Memos, Press releases, Catalogues, Style guides, Factory service manuals, Code documents, Advertisements, Research papers
4. Question.
1. What is/are the difference(s) between a Reference List and a Bibliography?
2. What is plagiarism and when is it copyright infringement?
Answers;
1. What is/are the difference(s) between a Reference List and a Bibliography?
A reference list lists only the sources you refer to in your writing.
The purpose of the reference list is to allow your sources to be found by your reader. It also gives credit to authors you have consulted for their ideas. All references cited in the text must appear in the reference list, except for personal communications (such as conversations or emails) which cannot be retrieved. whiles,
A bibliography is different from a reference list as it lists all the sources used during your research and background reading, not just the ones you refer to in your writing.
2. What is plagiarism and when is it copyright infringement?
Plagiarism is defined as stealing someone else’s words or ideas and passing them off as your own. In the context of academic writing, this means quoting someone’s words without quotation marks, or paraphrasing an idea without including a proper citation.
Plagiarism is also a relevant concern in other contexts outside of academia. You might be aware of high-profile examples of plagiarism in the worlds of art, politics, and music. It’s not only text that can be plagiarized, but also creative works like music and images.
Copyright infringement is the use or production of copyright-protected material without the permission of the copyright holder. Copyright infringement means that the rights afforded to the copyright holder, such as the exclusive use of a work for a set period of time, are being breached by a third party. Music and movies are two of the most well-known forms of entertainment that suffer from significant amounts of copyright infringement. Infringement cases may lead to continget liabilities, which are amounts set aside in case of a possible lawsuit.
4. What Is Research?
ANSWER:
An organised, systematic, data-based critical scientific inquiry or investigation into a specific problem, undertaken with the objective of finding answers or solutions to it.
5. State four (4) reasons Why we do Research?
ANSWER:
Ø To improve our own working practices
Ø To improve the practices of our institutions
Ø To improve our societies, nations and the world at large
Ø To improve pedagogical practices
6. List the two (2) type of research and explain them.
ANSWER:
Ø Applied Research: Research done with the intention of applying the results of its finding to solving specific problems currently being experienced.
Ø Basic Research: Research done with the intention to generate more knowledge and understanding of the phenomena that occur and to build theories based on the research results.
7. What are the methods used in Choosing a research Topic?
ANSWER:
Ø Identify an area of interest
Ø What problems exist in that area?
Ø Narrow down on a specific problem
Ø Now coin a topic from the specific problem
8. State the Research Objective
ANSWER:
Objectives should be SMART:
¤ Specific: the objective is detailed, focused and well-defined
¤ Measurable: that the measurement can be identified
¤ Attainable/Achievable: is the objective feasible
¤ Realistic: can it be accomplished
¤ Time bound: does it state a defined time line
9. What is the Research Process?
ANSWER:
A systematic manner in which a researcher approaches their field of study to produce knowledge which the community will consider to be worthwhile in the field.
A series of actions which are necessary for an effective research work.
10. What are the Research Processes?
ANSWER:
¨ Define the Research Problem
¨ Literature Review
¨ Research Questions / Hypotheses
¨ Research Design
¨ Data Collection
¨ Data Analysis
¨ Interpretation and Discussion of Research Findings
¨ Conclusion of findings
11. What are the two (2) methods to choose Data collection?
ANSWER:
¤ Quantitative: deals with data in the form of numbers.
¤ Qualitative: based on data expressed mostly in the form of words – descriptions, accounts, opinions, feelings, etc.
12. List five (5) methods of Research Data Collection
ANSWER:
¨ Questionnaires
¨ Interviews
¨ Observation
¨ Experiments
¨ Models or Simulations
13. What is Research proposal?
ANSWER:
A proposal is a document that is written with a specific purpose in mind: to convince someone that a project can and should be completed.
Although there isn't a universal format for research proposals, many elements in proposals are important, and often, mandatory.
14. What are the Elements of the Research Proposal?
ANSWER:
1. Title
2. Aim of the Research
3. Background of study
4. Statement of the Problem
5. Literature Review
6. Research Objectives
7. Research Questions
8. Research Plan
9. Ethical considerations
10. Planning and resources needed – timeline of the project
11. References
15. State the reasons why we do Referencing.
ANSWER:
1. To acknowledge the work of others
2. To demonstrate that you are up to date in your field of study
3. To allow the reader to get hold of copies of references of interest to them
4. Referencing identifies the scope and range of the resources you have consulted
5. It allows readers to locate and consult the sources you used
6. It helps you to avoid the charge of plagiarism, and makes clear to readers the distinction between your work and the work of others.
7. To provide evidence that you have researched your topic, you are intimately familiar with the issues and that your ideas have been formulated in the light of existing documented material
8. To acknowledge the source of your information and ideas
9. To distinguish between your own opinion and that of others
10. To substantiate your ideas and arguments
16. What is Plagiarism.........?
ANSWER:
Plagiarism is the act of using other people’s work as if it were your own. If you plagiarize other people’s work, it is regarded as stealing and it is a serious offence which will be penalized.
List seven (7) popular styles of Referencing and State what they are commonly used for;
ANSWER:
- ¨ Harvard: the Harvard referencing style is an example of author-date in-text referencing. The Harvard style is very common and is used across most subjects.
- ¨ IEEE: the IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) referencing style is used in engineering, computer science and other technological disciplines.
¨ APA (AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION): the American Psychological Association publishes a style guide, the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, which is commonly used in the health and social sciences, for example, psychology, education, economics
¨ Chicago/Turabian: the University of Chicago Press publishes The Chicago Manual of Style. Generally used in business, history and fine arts
¨ OSCOLA: developed by the Faculty of Law at the University of Oxford, OSCOLA is used to cite authorities, legislation and other legal materials.
¨ MLA (Modern Language Association ): most commonly used to write papers and cite sources within the liberal arts and humanities.
¨ Vancouver: the Vancouver style of referencing is used in the medical sciences.
17. Which Referencing Style depends on the Academic field/discipline?
ANSWER:
American Psychological Association
Note:
· The referencing style always depends on the academic field/discipline
· We will focus on the APA Style of Referencing (APA seventh edition, published in October 2019)
· All referencing for assignments and projects you will do MUST follow the APA style.
18. What is Secondary Citation………..?
ANSWER:
Secondary citations: when citing a source, you have not read yourself, but which is referred to in a source you have used, try to find the original source, otherwise cite it as a secondary source.
¤ E.g. Moore (as cited in Rico, 1999, p. 25)
¨ You would cite Rico, not Moore, in the Reference List/Bibliography.
¨ It is always preferable to cite the original source.
19. What is Technical Communication?
ANSWER:
Technical communication is the process of transmitting facts and information to a defined audience for a specific purpose.
20. What is Technical Writing?
ANSWER:
Technical writers present information in science, electronics or other technical areas on a professional level, backed up by data facts, so that information is complete and accurate.
¨ An Employee who can produce focused, clear documents often have a competitive edge over others who are less skilled with written communication.
NOTE: The History of Technical Communication
· Ancient civilizations drew pictographs on cave walls to describe how they hunted and where they journeyed.
· Today we use wide variety of equipment and computer software to make our writing, research efficient. e.g. graphics, multimedia presentation software and others to process information into usable forms.
21. State What Technical writers must consider before beginning any type of technical communication.
ANSWER:
¨ These are
1. audience,
2. purpose,
3. format,
4. and style.
22. Mention some examples of Audience;
ANSWER:
The Audience could consist of;
managers, co-workers, customers and clients, the general public, or any combination.
NB. They will have different levels of understanding and different information needs that require specific formats and styles of communication.
23. What are the purposes of writing a technical document?
ANSWER:
o To inform,
o To explain,
o To describe or record your action.
24. What are the formats of technical writing?
ANSWER:
ü Reports or documents, such as personals, lab reports, product specification, or quality-test results.
ü Records-keeping forms, such as service reports, travel and expense forms or troubleshooting logs.
ü Instructions, such as user guides, online help, and training manuals.
ü Correspondence, such as letters, memos, and emails.
ü Presentations, such as interviews, marketing calls, or training seminars
25. What are the types of Technical communication writing?
ANSWER:
- Technical
- Semi technical
- Non technical
26. Who are Technical Audience?
ANSWER:
A technical Audience understands fundamental concepts and jargons without definitions or background information.
NB. The Reader expects the writer to use technical language efficiently and appropriately.
Here is an example of a report for a technical audience: the medical staff at an emergency room.
Example;
¨ Subjective: Patient C/O SOB secondary to MVA.
¨ Objective: 40 y.o. W/m found conscious, sitting behind bent steering wheel of passenger car with extensive front-end damage.
HEAD: ARWY patent; EYES: attntv ; PERL;SKIN:W&D; c some cyanosis presents - - - - - - - - - - - - --
27. Who are Semi-Technical Audience?
ANSWER:
The semi-technical audience needs some explanation of concepts, abbreviations, and jargons. Writers use technical terms only if they are common in the company or industry.
Example;
Subjective: patient complains of shortness of breath, secondary to motor vehicle accident.
Objective: 40-years-old, white male found conscious, sitting behind bent steering wheel passenger car with extensive front-end damage.
Head: airway patent (breathing freely);
EYES: attentive, pupils equally reactive to light.
Skin: warm and dry with some cyanosis present. ---- --------
28. Who are Non-Technical Audience?
ANSWER:
The Non-Technical Audience is the general public, and unknown audience, or any combination of technical, semi-technical and non-technical readers, including customers, clients, and patients.
Example;
Your husband was involved in car accident. He's alert, cooperate, and oriented. we are treating him for five broken ribs on his right side, which are each broken in several places, called flail chest. This can cause breathing difficulties and even lung damage.-------------
29. What are the types of Report?
ANSWER:
Formal and Informal Reports
30. What are the purposes of write Reports?
ANSWER:
¨ make up the greater part of writing that takes place in businesses and corporations.
¨ written to communicate information on almost every phase and procedure of operation and on almost every subject.
¨ include damages, incidents, trips, meeting minutes, efficiency, costs, and so on.
¨ written for anyone who needs information.
¨ most common form of business and corporate writing because they are the most functional.
¨ almost any size --- two or three paragraphs long for simple or routine subjects, or volumes for multi-million dollar projects.
¨ written informally as interoffice memorandums, or they can take the form of letters.
¨ Long or formal reports can take the form of bound documents with their own title pages and tables of contents.
¨ Brief or routine reports can be written on standard fill-in-the-blank forms supplied by your company.
31. What are the Purposes of Reports?
ANSWER:
¨ common to all reports is their purpose, i.e. to convey information thoroughly, accurately and objectively.
¨ written because people in authority need information, possibly to:
¤ recommend a certain action
¤ evaluate the efficiency of a new process or
¤ keep track of daily activities.
32. What are the types of Informal Reports?
ANSWER:
¨ Blank
¤ Pre-formatted in fields
¨ Interoffice memorandum
¤ Commonly referred to as memos
¨ Letter
¤ Ordinary letter to convey information in informal style
33. What are the Types of Formal Reports?
ANSWER:
¨ Field trip reports.
¨ Progress and status reports.
¨ Periodic reports.
¨ Feasibility reports.
¨ Troubleshooting reports.
34. What are the Questions to ask when planning a report?
ANSWER:
¤ Who is your audience?
¤ What information do they need?
¤ What is your purpose in writing this document?
¤ How should it be organized?
35. What are Report Design…?
ANSWER:
Almost all take a position and then validate that position with supporting evidence of various kinds.
36. How many sections or parts are Report design divided into? And name them.
ANSWER:
¤ Part 1- preliminary information.
¤ Part 2 – Body of the report.
¤ Part 3 – end matter of your report.
37. What type of information a body of report contain?
ANSWER:
¨ It tells what investigating, testing, analyzing and observing you’ve done.
NB. It outlines methods you used to investigate and analyze the problem.
38. What is Technical Writing?
ANSWER:
The term “technical” refers to knowledge that is not widespread, that is more the territory of experts and specialists.
NB. Whatever your field or specialisation, you are developing an expertise, and whenever you try to write anything about your field, you are engaged in technical writing.
¨ Technical writing introduces you to some of the most important aspects of writing done in the workplace to convey information.
NB. Technical writers work in science, technology, medicine, engineering, business, education, trade, government, law enforcement, drafting, social services and so on.
39. What is the purpose of technical writing?
ANSWER:
Technical writing is the delivery of technical information to readers in a manner that is adapted to their needs, level of understanding, and background.
NB. Technical writing is intended to communicate to a specific audience, for a specific purpose.
40. What are the Characteristics or Goals of Effective Technical Writing?
ANSWER:
¨ Clarity
¨ Conciseness
¨ Accuracy
¨ Organization
¨ Ethics
Some Answers were taken from:
References
¨ The Open University (2020). Introduction to Referencing. Retrieved February 5, 2021, from https://www.open.ac.uk/libraryservices/beingdigital/accessible/accessible-pdf-120-introduction-to-referencing.pdf
¨ Idaho State University(2020). APA Style: Seventh Edition. Retrieved February 5, 2021, from https://www.isu.edu/media/libraries/student-success/tutoring/handouts-writing/using-sources/APA7-Style.pdf
¨ Lohman, E. (2012). Technical Writing Introduction [PowerPoint slides]. https://www.slideshare.net/DrElizabethLohman/eng-131-technical-writing-introduction-powerpoint
¨ Technical Writing (n.d.). Technical Writing [Powerpoint slides]. https://www.augusta.k12.va.us/cms/lib/VA01000173/Centricity/Domain/2892/Technical%20Writing.pptx
¨ Purdue Writing Lab. (n.d.). Active Versus Passive Voice. https:// owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/academic_writing/ active_and_passive_voice/active_versus_passive_voice.html.
¨ Rao, T. V. (2017). Research Process [PowerPoint slides]. https://www.slideshare.net/ doctortvrao/research-process-78115675
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